Add and subtract whole numbers

key notes :

Addition – A mathematical operation that represents combining objects into a larger collection. It is signified by the plus sign (+).
Subtraction – A mathematical operation that represents the process of finding the difference between numbers or quantities. It is signified by the minus sign (-).

Addition of Whole Numbers

Addition of whole numbers is discussed in the following steps on how to add large numbers:

Step I:

We arrange the given numbers in columns, ones under ones, tens under tens, hundred under hundreds and so on.

Step II:

We add the digits in each column taking the carry over, if any, to the next column the left, and adding it along with the digit in that column. We continue this process till we add the digits in all the columns.

EX: Add 44,71,214 and 31,27,510.

Solution:

Hence  44,71,214 + 31,27,510 = 75,98,724

EX: Add 3507469 and 6641007.

Subtraction of Whole Numbers

Subtraction of numbers with more than five digits can be done in the same way as we have learnt to do subtraction of smaller numbers earlier. We arrange the numbers one below the other in place-value columns. We start subtracting them one by one from the right-most column and borrow if required, from the column on left.

Subtraction of whole numbers is discussed in the following two steps to subtract one large number from another large number:

Step I:

We arrange the given numbers in columns, ones under ones, tens under tens, hundred under hundreds and so on.


Step II:

Beginning with the ones, we go on subtracting column wise, borrowing if necessary, from the next column to the left.

We borrow from ten lakhs column to lakh column from lakh column to ten thousands column from ten thousands column to thousands column from thousands column to hundreds column from hundreds column to tens column and from tens column to ones column.

For Example:

Subtract 2478652 from 8364579.

Learn with an example

🗼 Add.

649 + 34 , 924 =

  • Add the ones. Add 9+4. Remember to carry over.
  • Add the tens. Add 1+4+2.
  • Add the hundreds. Add 6+9. Remember to carry over.
  • Add the thousands. Add 1+4.
  • Add the ten thousands. Bring down the 3.
  • The sum is 35,573.

🗼 Subtract.

9,943 – 2,431 =

  • Subtract the ones. Subtract 3–1.
  • Subtract the tens. Subtract 4–3.
  • Subtract the hundreds. Subtract 9–4.
  • Subtract the thousands. Subtract 9–2.
  • The difference is 7,512.

🗼 Subtract.

5,777 – 2,141 =

  • Subtract the ones. Subtract 7–1.
  • Subtract the tens. Subtract 7–4.
  • Subtract the hundreds. Subtract 7–1.
  • Subtract the thousands. Subtract 5–2.
  • The difference is 3,636.

Let’s practice!