Read about art, music and traditions
Key Notes :
🎨 Art
- Art is a way of expressing feelings and ideas through drawing, painting, sculpture, and more.
- Different cultures have different art styles (e.g., African masks, Indian rangoli, Aboriginal dot paintings).
- Artists use colors, shapes, and lines to create their work.
- Art can tell a story or show traditions from long ago.
🎵 Music
- Music is made using sounds, rhythms, and melodies.
- Instruments like drums, flutes, pianos, and guitars help create music.
- Different cultures have unique musical styles (e.g., Chinese opera, African drumming, Western classical music).
- Music is often used in celebrations, rituals, and storytelling.
🌍 Traditions
- Traditions are customs passed down from generation to generation.
- They include festivals, dances, clothing, and food from different cultures.
- Celebrations like Diwali, Christmas, Eid, and Lunar New Year show cultural traditions.
- Stories and songs are part of many cultural traditions and teach values.
Learn with an example
▶️ Read the text about Circus Roncalli.

Imagine you are in the audience of a circus. A herd of golden horses gallops around the ring. You gasp, flabbergasted, as a giant orange goldfish swishes its fins in midair. Suddenly, a six-metre-tall elephant doing a handstand appears in the ring! It sounds unbelievable, but it’s just another show at Circus Roncalli. Unlike traditional circuses that use live animals, this German circus uses technology to create holograms, or projected 3D pictures, of animals.
Why holograms? First, it is expensive to transport and care for live animals, especially large ones like elephants. One elephant can weigh more than three pickup trucks and can eat more than ninety kilograms of food per day! But a holographic elephant is weightless and does not require food. Second, the place where the circus performs has changed over time. Circus Roncalli used to perform outside of cities in large meadows. This gave them lots of space for their animals. Now, Circus Roncalli performs in busy cities. They set up in small car parks that have little room for large animals. Third, circus life is hard work for animals. Switching to holographs helps Circus Roncalli avoid harming animals.
Using a hologram is convenient, but making a hologram is not an easy task. First, engineers use computers to show a 3D model of the animal. Then, the engineers determine how audience members will see the animal from every seat. When the hologram is finished, the image is projected in the circus ring for the audience to enjoy. To create one holographic elephant, Circus Roncalli needs fifteen engineers, three thousand video processors and eleven laser beams.
Even though there are not live animals, Circus Roncalli still entertains audiences with an exciting show. Audiences have fallen in love with the circus’s delightful holograms. The animals may be imaginary, but the fun is definitely real!
Based on the text, how is Circus Roncalli different from a traditional circus?
- Circus Roncalli entertains audiences with just clowns and acrobats.
- Circus Roncalli only uses elephants in their performances.
- Circus Roncalli uses technology to entertain audiences.
- Circus Roncalli lets audiences pet the animals in the show.
Look at the text in bold below. It tells you how Circus Roncalli is different from a traditional circus.
Imagine you are in the audience of a circus. A herd of golden horses gallops around the ring. You gasp, flabbergasted, as a giant orange goldfish swishes its fins in midair. Suddenly, a six-metre-tall elephant doing a handstand appears in the ring! It sounds unbelievable, but it’s just another show at Circus Roncalli. Unlike traditional circuses that use live animals, this German circus uses technology to create holograms, or projected 3D pictures, of animals.
▶️ Read the text about a traditional jumping dance.

East Africa is home to the Maasai, a tribe of people living mainly in Kenya and Tanzania. The Maasai have been around for hundreds of years, and they still practise many ancient traditions. If you visit a traditional Maasai village today, you can learn about many of their customs.
One of the oldest Maasai customs is the ten-day ceremony called Eunoto. The purpose of this ritual is to show that a group of boys are ready to become men. During one part of the Eunoto ceremony, some Maasai boys have a chance to perform the adumu, a traditional jumping dance. The dance is reserved for Maasai boys who are morani, or junior warriors in the tribe.
To prepare for the adumu, the boys dress in bright sheets of fabric. Red is the traditional colour, so some will even dye their hair bright red to match. Many boys wear beads that will jingle as they move and dance. Some boys carry sticks to represent the spears of warriors. Once the boys are dressed, they are ready to begin the dance.
The word adumu means ‘jump’ in the Maasai language, and that is exactly how the boys perform the dance. To begin, all the boys form a circle and take turns jumping in its centre. When it is his turn to perform, a dancer will stand straight and jump with his feet together. He tries to go as high as possible. As the boy jumps, the other participants sing. The tones they sing depend on the height of the jumps. The higher the jump, the higher the boys sing. The dance is repeated over and over until each of the morani has had his turn in the circle.
Based on clues in the text, which of the following is probably true of the Maasai?
- The Maasai children spend a lot of time practising playing instruments for the adumu.
- The Maasai place a high value on keeping ancient traditions alive.
- The Maasai children do not enjoy being a part of the adumu.
- The Maasai frequently add new dances to their ceremonies.
Think about these details from the text:
- The Maasai have been around for hundreds of years.
- They still practise many ancient traditions, including the ten-day Eunoto ceremony.
The Maasai have been practising the same traditions for hundreds of years. When people continue to perform ancient customs, it shows tradition is important to them.
So, you can guess that the Maasai place a high value on keeping ancient traditions alive.
▶️ Read the text about edible book festivals.

Some people love to read books. They can’t get enough of the printed word. And some people have a big appetite for making and eating food. Well, if you are both a voracious reader and eater, you may want to take part in an edible book festival. It is a place where you can have your book and eat it, too!
In an edible book festival, people create projects and present them to judges. There are two rules when entering a project: the project must be made out of food, and it must be based on a book. For example, someone might make the chocolate factory from Roald Dahl’s Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. The factory could be made with foods like chocolate bars and other sweets. Another person could make a cake that is decorated like the cover of Judi Barrett’s Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs.
Sometimes, judges award prizes for the best projects in certain categories, like ‘Best Pun’. A pun is a funny play on words. Puns often use words that sound similar but have different meanings, like tale and tail. A possible winner for ‘Best Pun’ might show Peter Rabbit with a tail made of marshmallow fluff. The character is from Beatrix Potter’s The Tale of Peter Rabbit. To make a pun, the project could be called ‘The Tail of Peter Rabbit’. That title might be punny enough to make the judges laugh!
Given the fun and often silly nature of edible book festivals, it is not surprising that many of them are held on 1 April—April Fool’s Day! 1 April is also the birthday of Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin, a famous French food writer from the 1800s. On this day, people gather in colleges, libraries and bookshops to show their creativity, humour and love for books.
Based on the text, which interests or hobbies are represented in an edible book festival? Select all that apply.
- reading books
- travelling to new places
- making creative food
- borrowing books
These are two interests or hobbies that are represented in an edible book festival:
✔ reading books The first paragraph states that people may want to take part in an edible book festival if they love to read books and they can’t get enough of the printed word.
✔ making creative food The text says that people make all kinds of creative food projects for edible book festivals.
These are not stated in the text:
x borrowing books
x travelling to new places
let’s practice!
Read the text about Circus Roncalli.
Imagine you are in the audience of a circus. A herd of golden horses gallops around the ring. You gasp, flabbergasted, as a giant orange goldfish swishes its fins in midair. Suddenly, a six-metre-tall elephant doing a handstand appears in the ring! It sounds unbelievable, but it’s just another show at Circus Roncalli. Unlike traditional circuses that use live animals, this German circus uses technology to create holograms, or projected 3D pictures, of animals.
Why holograms? First, it is expensive to transport and care for live animals, especially large ones like elephants. One elephant can weigh more than three pickup trucks and can eat more than ninety kilograms of food per day! But a holographic elephant is weightless and does not require food. Second, the place where the circus performs has changed over time. Circus Roncalli used to perform outside of cities in large meadows. This gave them lots of space for their animals. Now, Circus Roncalli performs in busy cities. They set up in small car parks that have little room for large animals. Third, circus life is hard work for animals. Switching to holographs helps Circus Roncalli avoid harming animals.
Using a hologram is convenient, but making a hologram is not an easy task. First, engineers use computers to show a 3D model of the animal. Then, the engineers determine how audience members will see the animal from every seat. When the hologram is finished, the image is projected in the circus ring for the audience to enjoy. To create one holographic elephant, Circus Roncalli needs fifteen engineers, three thousand video processors and eleven laser beams.
Even though there are not live animals, Circus Roncalli still entertains audiences with an exciting show. Audiences have fallen in love with the circus’s delightful holograms. The animals may be imaginary, but the fun is definitely real!
