Read about history
key notes :
What Is History?
- History is the story of the past.
- It tells us about important people, events, and how life has changed over time.
Why Read About History?
- To learn from past mistakes and successes.
- To understand how people lived in different times.
- To appreciate cultures and traditions from around the world.
Sources of History
- Books, journals, newspapers
- Artifacts, monuments, and old buildings
- Photographs, paintings, and maps
Important History Topics for Kids
- Ancient civilizations like Egypt, Greece, or the Indus Valley
- Famous explorers like Christopher Columbus or Marco Polo
- Freedom movements and important leaders (e.g., Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr.)
Reading Skills to Use
- Skim the text to get the main idea.
- Scan for dates, names, and important facts.
- Ask questions like who, what, when, where, why, and how.
- Summarize what you read in your own words.
Vocabulary Tips
- Learn new words such as: civilization, ancient, timeline, monument, colony, artifact
- Use a dictionary to find meanings of difficult words.
Understanding Timelines
- A timeline shows the order of events in history.
- Helps you see what happened first and what came later.
Making Connections
- Relate past events to today’s world.
- Think about how inventions or discoveries from the past affect us now.
Think Critically
- Ask why events happened and what could have been done differently.
- Discuss different points of view from the past.
Learn with an example
▶️ Read the text.
A Whale of a Record
A group of whales had one of the top-selling albums of the 1970s. No, not a group called ‘The Whales’ but actual whales in the ocean. The album, called Songs of the Humpback Whale, was released in 1970. This collection of nature recordings changed the way many people thought about whales, and it eventually helped to save thousands of whales’ lives.
Songs of the Humpback Whale might never have been made if it hadn’t been for a sound engineer named Frank Watlington. In the 1960s, Watlington was making underwater recordings when he captured some strange, deep echoing sounds. He realised the sounds were coming from whales. Watlington played the recordings for a pair of biologists named Roger and Katy Payne. The Paynes listened to the whales’ grunts, chirps, gargles, squeals and roars. They were instantly hooked on the eerie beauty of the whales’ voices.
Katy Payne studied music as well as biology, and she was amazed by the variety of sounds the whales used to communicate. The noises ranged from long, low-pitched groans like mooing, to high trilling like an opera singer. She also noticed another interesting detail about the sounds: they had recognisable patterns. In biology terms, an animal call with a repeating pattern is called a song. The songs of whales are so complex that some scientists have even compared these singing creatures to composers and poets.
The Paynes thought that other people needed to hear the beauty of the whales’ songs. So Roger organised the recordings into an album. At the time when the album came out, whales were mostly seen as a commodity. They were hunted and traded, and they were valued only for the money they brought in. Some whale species were overhunted and in danger of dying out completely. Most people had never thought of whales as creatures that could communicate with one another through song. But after hearing the album, many people began to think differently.
The album prompted people to start the Save the Whales movement. Suddenly, the words ‘Save the Whales’ appeared on T-shirts, buttons, bumper stickers and posters. Musicians began using whale songs in their music, and whales were included in films and television shows. In 1982, the movement achieved a victory when the International Whaling Commission banned, or outlawed, deep-sea whaling. Most countries in the world still obey this ban today. In the 1950s and 1960s, before the ban, more than fifty thousand whales per year were killed by hunting. After the ban, the number went down to less than two thousand.
It might seem incredible that just one album could help save the lives of so many whales. But remember that Songs of the Humpback Whale was no ordinary record. This one-of-a-kind album revealed secrets about whales that had long been hidden beneath the waves. It allowed these amazing and mysterious creatures to finally share their songs with the human world.
What is the text about?
- It is about how people changed their mind about recordings of nature after hearing an album of whale songs.
- It is about how musicians recorded an album to encourage people to ban deep-sea whaling.
- It is about how whales learned to use sounds to communicate after biologists played them recordings.
- It is about how an album of whale recordings helped increase protection for whales around the world.
The text discusses the following ideas:
- Biologists Roger and Katy Payne released an album of recorded whale songs.
- The album was very popular and helped start the Save the Whales movement.
- This movement led to an international ban on deep-sea whaling.
So, the text is about how an album of whale recordings helped increase protection for whales around the world.
▶️ Read the text.
Teeth That Tell a Story
In 2001, a team of archaeologists were digging at a site in Siberia, a region in northeastern Asia. The team found many interesting artefacts, including ancient tools made from stone and ivory. But the biggest discovery of all was a pair of human teeth. The archaeologists determined that the teeth had come from two unrelated children who lived about thirty-one thousand years ago. These teeth were by far the oldest human remains ever found in the area. The archaeologists realised that they had discovered evidence of a previously unknown population. They called this newly discovered group the Ancient North Siberians.
But who were the Ancient North Siberians? Where did they come from, and where did they go? Scientists wanted to learn more, so they collected some DNA from inside the teeth. DNA contains information that has been passed down through generations of family members. By comparing DNA samples from different groups, scientists can learn how the groups are related. The DNA collected from the teeth helped scientists reach a surprising revelation: the Ancient North Siberians shared a lot of DNA with an earlier group of people who had lived far to the west.
How did the Ancient North Siberians end up living so far away from their genetic relatives? Researchers believe that the answer has to do with some very chilly weather. During the last Ice Age, the earth experienced frigid temperatures. Solid sheets of ice covered most of the planet. In order to survive, people from Europe and western Asia migrated to warmer areas in the east. They followed animals such as mammoths, which they relied on for food. Eventually, some of these people ended up in northeastern Asia. It was these people and their descendants who became the Ancient North Siberians.
Something else interested scientists about the ancient teeth. They realised that the DNA in the teeth had similarities to the DNA of early Native Americans. Today, northeastern Asia and North America are separated by the Bering Sea. But thousands of years ago, the two continents were connected by a narrow strip of land that scientists call the Bering land bridge. Based on DNA evidence, it appears that some Ancient North Siberians mixed with another group of people from eastern Asia, creating a new population group. Then members of this new group followed the land bridge all the way to North America. Some researchers believe these migrants walked across the land bridge on foot. Others think that they followed the coast of the land bridge in boats. However they travelled, most scientists believe these people were probably the first humans ever to set foot in North America.
It is amazing to think how much scientists have been able to learn from the discovery of two small teeth. The teeth not only provided clues about the Ancient North Siberians. They have also helped researchers to better understand human history and the relationships between populations that lived thousands of kilometres apart.
What is the text about?
- It is about how researchers studied teeth to compare the eating habits of ancient and modern Siberians.
- It is about how archaeologists found ancient tools made from mammoth teeth while digging in Siberia.
- It is about how Native Americans used an ancient land bridge to travel to Siberia during the Ice Age.
- It is about how two teeth helped scientists learn about connections between ancient groups of people.
The text discusses the following ideas:
- In 2001, archaeologists discovered two teeth that were thirty-one thousand years old.
- Scientists said the teeth came from a group of people they called the Ancient North Siberians.
- Using DNA from the teeth, scientists learned how this group was connected to other groups of people from Europe, Asia and North America.
So, the text is about how two teeth helped scientists learn about connections between ancient groups of people.
▶️ Read the text.
Peking to Paris
Back in 1907, a French newspaper advertised an unusual race. The paper asked whether anyone would dare to drive an car from Peking (now called Beijing) to Paris. The distance between the two cities was about sixteen thousand kilometres. At that time in history, petrol-powered cars were still a new invention that few people owned. The newspaper was curious: were these new vehicles strong enough to complete a long journey across Asia and Europe? With few paved roads and no established route, the Peking to Paris Motor Challenge was an extreme adventure.
The newspaper’s ad received worldwide attention. Most people believed the challenge was impossible, but five brave teams agreed to participate. They travelled through China, Mongolia, Russia, Poland, Germany and Belgium before reaching France. Since they could not count on petrol stations for fuel, the drivers had to plan ahead. Camels carrying fuel were sent ahead to key locations that drivers could stop at along their route. After sixty days of driving, a team led by Prince Scipione Borghese of Italy finally crossed the finish line.
Ninety years after the first Peking to Paris Challenge, a racing organisation decided to hold the competition again. The event was so popular that the group now puts on the race every three years. However, the modern competition is a bit different from the original. Competitors now have route planners and GPS guidance systems to help them navigate. The race takes place over thirty-six days, and drivers stop at required checkpoints each night. Although the modern competition sounds less challenging, it is still a difficult race. The teams travel an average of 400 kilometres per day, following dirt tracks across rivers and over mountains. Each team is responsible for repairing its own vehicle if it breaks.
In 2019, one man decided to make the already challenging race even harder. Anton Gonnissen wanted to honour a man named Auguste Pons, who took part in the 1907 race. Pons wasn’t able to finish that race; he got lost in the Gobi Desert and ran out of petrol. So, Gonnissen decided to honour Pons by finishing the race using the same kind of car that Pons drove. Gonnissen couldn’t find the exact model, so he built a replica of Pons’s vehicle instead. After an exhausting journey, Gonnissen finished the race 112 years after Pons started it.
As Gonnissen understood, the Peking to Paris Motor Challenge has always been about more than just racing cars. The organisers never intended for winners to receive a lot of money or fame. Instead, the event gives racers a chance to test their limits by trying something difficult and new.
What is the text about?
- It is about how the 1907 Peking to Paris Motor Challenge honoured competitors from earlier races.
- The text is about how the Peking to Paris Motor Challenge tested drivers’ courage in 1907 and continues to in modern times.
- It is about how the Peking to Paris Motor Challenge was impossible to complete in 1907 but became easier over time.
- It is about how the Peking to Paris Motor Challenge led to changes in the way that cars are designed.
The text discusses the following ideas:
- Many people thought the 1907 Peking to Paris Motor Challenge was impossible, but Prince Scipione Borghese proved them wrong by winning the race.
- The race was brought back ninety years later with some changes.
- Modern racers still face challenges such as driving on dirt tracks and repairing their own cars.
So, the text is about how the Peking to Paris Motor Challenge tested drivers’ courage in 1907 and continues to in modern times.
let’s practice!
Read the text.
A Whale of a Record
A group of whales had one of the top-selling albums of the 1970s. No, not a group called ‘The Whales’ but actual whales in the ocean. The album, called Songs of the Humpback Whale, was released in 1970. This collection of nature recordings changed the way many people thought about whales, and it eventually helped to save thousands of whales’ lives.
Songs of the Humpback Whale might never have been made if it hadn’t been for a sound engineer named Frank Watlington. In the 1960s, Watlington was making underwater recordings when he captured some strange, deep echoing sounds. He realised the sounds were coming from whales. Watlington played the recordings for a pair of biologists named Roger and Katy Payne. The Paynes listened to the whales’ grunts, chirps, gargles, squeals and roars. They were instantly hooked on the eerie beauty of the whales’ voices.
Katy Payne studied music as well as biology, and she was amazed by the variety of sounds the whales used to communicate. The noises ranged from long, low-pitched groans like mooing, to high trilling like an opera singer. She also noticed another interesting detail about the sounds: they had recognisable patterns. In biology terms, an animal call with a repeating pattern is called a song. The songs of whales are so complex that some scientists have even compared these singing creatures to composers and poets.
The Paynes thought that other people needed to hear the beauty of the whales’ songs. So Roger organised the recordings into an album. At the time when the album came out, whales were mostly seen as a commodity. They were hunted and traded, and they were valued only for the money they brought in. Some whale species were overhunted and in danger of dying out completely. Most people had never thought of whales as creatures that could communicate with one another through song. But after hearing the album, many people began to think differently.
The album prompted people to start the Save the Whales movement. Suddenly, the words ‘Save the Whales’ appeared on T-shirts, buttons, bumper stickers and posters. Musicians began using whale songs in their music, and whales were included in films and television shows. In 1982, the movement achieved a victory when the International Whaling Commission banned, or outlawed, deep-sea whaling. Most countries in the world still obey this ban today. In the 1950s and 1960s, before the ban, more than fifty thousand whales per year were killed by hunting. After the ban, the number went down to less than two thousand.It might seem incredible that just one album could help save the lives of so many whales. But remember that Songs of the Humpback Whale was no ordinary record. This one-of-a-kind album revealed secrets about whales that had long been hidden beneath the waves. It allowed these amazing and mysterious creatures to finally share their songs with the human world.