Add, subtract, multiply and divide whole numbers

Key points :-

Addition of Whole Numbers

  • Concept: Combining two or more numbers to get a total.
  • Method: Align the digits according to place value (ones, tens, hundreds, etc.), and add starting from the rightmost digits.
  • Example:
    456+678=1134

Subtraction of Whole Numbers

  • Concept: Taking one number away from another to find the difference.
  • Method: Align the digits based on place value, subtract starting from the rightmost digits.
  • Regrouping (Borrowing): When the top digit is smaller than the bottom digit, borrow from the next place value.
  • Example:
    732−489=243

Multiplication of Whole Numbers

  • Concept: Repeated addition of the same number.
  • Method: Multiply the numbers and use the distributive property if necessary to break down larger numbers.
  • Example:
    23×4=92
    • Break down:
      20×4=80
      3×4=12
      80+12=92

Division of Whole Numbers

  • Concept: Splitting a number into equal parts.
  • Method: Divide the dividend by the divisor to find the quotient. If there’s a remainder, write it as “remainder” or as a fraction/decimal.
  • Example:
    56÷7=8
    If there’s a remainder:
    17÷5=3 R 2

Important Points for Each Operation

  • Addition: Always check if carrying is required.
  • Subtraction: If borrowing is needed, start with the highest place value.
  • Multiplication: Multiply step by step and add the results.
  • Division: Divide step by step, check the remainder, and ensure division is correct.

Learn with an example

🎯 Subtract.

  • Subtract the ones. You need to carry over first. Subtract 12–4.
  • Subtract the tens. You need to carry over first. Subtract 10–4.
  • Subtract the hundreds. You need to carry over first. Subtract 11–3.
  • Subtract the thousands. Subtract 2–1.
  • The difference is 1,868.

👉 Divide:

  • The first digit is equal to 5. Start with the first digit. Divide the thousands.
  • Bring down the hundreds. Divide the hundreds.
  • Bring down the tens. Divide the tens.
  • Bring down the ones. Divide the ones.
  • Write the answer:

👉 Multiply.

8,633 x 6 =_______

  • Multiply the ones. Remember to carry over.
  • Multiply the tens. Multiply 3 times 6, then add 1. Remember to carry over.
  • Multiply the hundreds. Multiply 6 times 6, then add 1. Remember to carry over.
  • Multiply the thousands. Multiply 8 times 6, then add 3.
  • The product is 51,798.

Let’s practice!🖊️