Dispersal of Seeds

Key notes :

What is Seed Dispersal?

• Definition: Seed dispersal is the process by which seeds are spread away from the parent plant to reduce competition and increase the chances of survival.
• Importance: It ensures that seeds grow in favorable conditions and helps plants to colonize new areas.

Methods of Seed Dispersal

Seeds can be dispersed through various methods:

• Wind Dispersal:
  • Seeds are light and may have wings or hair-like structures that help them float in the air.
  • Examples: Dandelion, Maple.
• Water Dispersal:
  • Seeds can float and are carried away by water currents.
  • Examples: Coconut, Water Lily.
• Animal Dispersal:
  • Seeds stick to the fur or skin of animals, or are eaten and later excreted in a different location.
  • Examples: Burdock, Berries.
• Explosive Dispersal:
  • Some plants have seed pods that burst open forcefully, scattering seeds in various directions.
  • Examples: Peas, Touch-me-not (Impatiens).
• Gravity Dispersal:
  • Seeds fall directly to the ground due to gravity, often rolling away from the parent plant.
  • Examples: Apples, Nuts.

Adaptations for Dispersal

• Wind: Seeds are lightweight, have wings or parachutes (e.g., dandelions).
• Water: Seeds are buoyant, allowing them to float (e.g., coconut).
• Animals: Seeds are sticky or enclosed in fruit that attracts animals (e.g., burrs, berries).
• Explosive: Seed pods are designed to burst open when mature (e.g., touch-me-not).

Benefits of Seed Dispersal

• Reduces Competition: Seeds grow away from the parent plant, reducing competition for sunlight, water, and nutrients.
• Prevents Overcrowding: Helps in spreading out plants, leading to better survival chances.
• Colonization of New Areas: Allows plants to grow in new, potentially favorable environments.

Conclusion

• Seed dispersal is a crucial process for plant survival, enabling them to spread across diverse environments and ensuring the continuity of plant species.