Some Animals Travel Long Distances

Key Notes:

Introduction to Animal Migration

  • Migration Definition: Migration is the movement of animals from one place to another, often over long distances, usually for breeding, finding food, or escaping harsh weather.
  • Purpose: Animals migrate to find better living conditions, such as warmer climates or abundant food.

Examples of Migratory Animals

  • Monarch Butterflies: Travel thousands of miles from North America to Central Mexico.
  • Birds: Species like the Arctic Tern migrate between the Arctic and Antarctic, covering over 70,000 km (43,500 miles) in a year.
  • Salmon: Swim from the ocean to their birth rivers to spawn (lay eggs).
  • Wildebeest: In Africa, they move in large herds across the Serengeti in search of food and water.

Reasons for Migration

  • Breeding: Animals migrate to find suitable places to reproduce. For example, sea turtles lay eggs on beaches where they were born.
  • Food: Many animals migrate to follow food sources. For example, caribou travel great distances to find lichens in winter.
  • Climate: Animals may migrate to avoid extreme temperatures or harsh weather conditions.

Migration Patterns

  • Seasonal Migration: Some animals migrate based on seasons, such as birds flying south for the winter.
  • Long-Distance Migration: Certain animals travel vast distances, like whales moving between feeding and breeding grounds.
  • Periodic Migration: Some species migrate at specific times of the year, like salmon returning to their spawning grounds.

Navigation and Adaptations

  • Navigation: Migrating animals use various methods for navigation, including the sun, stars, Earth’s magnetic field, and landmarks.
  • Adaptations: Animals have special adaptations to help with migration, such as fat reserves for energy, changes in behavior, and physical changes like thicker fur.

Human Impact on Migration

  • Threats: Habitat destruction, climate change, and pollution can affect migration routes and success.
  • Conservation Efforts: Protecting habitats, creating wildlife corridors, and reducing pollution can help support migratory animals.

Fun Facts

  • Speed and Endurance: The Arctic Tern holds the record for the longest migration of any bird, traveling up to 70,000 km (43,500 miles) annually.
  • Navigation Skills: Monarch butterflies use an internal compass and the position of the sun to navigate.

Let’s practice!