Sedimentary Rocks

Key Notes:

Formation Process:

Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and compaction of small particles like sand, mud, pebbles, or organic material over time.

Layers:

These rocks are often formed in layers, with the oldest layers at the bottom and newer layers on top. This is called “stratification.”

Types of Sedimentary Rocks:

• Clastic: Made from fragments of other rocks (e.g., sandstone, shale).
• Chemical: Formed when minerals dissolve in water and then precipitate out (e.g., limestone).
• Organic: Formed from the remains of plants and animals (e.g., coal).

Common Locations:

Sedimentary rocks are often found in areas where water, wind, or ice have deposited materials, such as riverbeds, lakes, and oceans.

Fossils:

Many sedimentary rocks contain fossils, as the remains of plants and animals can become trapped in the sediments and preserved over time.

Erosion and Weathering:

Sedimentary rocks are often created by the weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks, which break down into smaller particles.

Softness:

Sedimentary rocks tend to be softer than igneous or metamorphic rocks, making them easier to erode or break apart.

Real-Life Examples:

Common sedimentary rocks include sandstone, limestone, shale, and conglomerate.

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